Emulsions for painting and varnishing purposes



Patented July 22, 1947 UNITED STATES PA-TENT orrics EMULSIO NS FOR PAINTING AND VARNISHING PURPOSES Gustaf Bristol Heijmer, Enebyberg; Sweden No Drawing. Application November 15, 1943, Serial No. 510,397. In Sweden December 12,

7 Claims.

The present invention relates to emulsions of the type water-in-oil, intended for painting purposes.

It is previously known to prepare emulsions dull to semi-glossy surfaces which are well suited to a, number of uses. For painting of, e. g., doors, furniture, kitchen-interiors and similar objects they are, however, less suitable since the surface will too easily become dirty. For these latter purposes a smooth and glossy film of paint is necessary. Such glossy films may also be obtained with emulsion-paints, but the emulsion must in such cases be of the type water-in-oil, i. e. the water in this case forms the discontinuous phase while the. continuous phase contains the oil. The

water-in-oil emulsions intended for painting purposes can not be thinned with water but may be thinned with organic solvents and diluents such matter, so called neutral oil, and for the rest mainly of fatty acids;

(b) A liquid product chiefly consisting of fatty acids, sometimes called tall oil or distilled tall oil; according to modern nomenclature called tall fat acid (vide: Svensk Papperstidning, 1942, page 203,'English summary) g (c) A solid rosin-like fraction, earlier called sulfate resin, now called tall resin acid and chiefly consisting of abietic acid; and

(d) A distillation residue called tall pitch.

The ingredient used according to the present invention is the product mentioned under (a) called tall resin oil, or a fraction thereof consisting substantially of'the neutral oil" or unsaponifiable component. It has namelyproved possible to prepare emulsions of the type waterin-oil using this latter component separately, or

as turpentine, petroleum distillates. oils, varnishes. Paints preparedfrom such water-in-oil emulsions will, according to the character of the a paint exclusively prepared on the basis of organic solvents is, in addition to a saving of thinners," a highly improved facility of handling,

particularly in regard to'its brushing qualities,

which i. a. makes it possible to extensively employ so called synthetic paints, i. e. paints prepared on the basis of alkyd-resins, for house and interior painting work. For technical reasons such paints, however, have so far only in exceptional cases been able to apply to these latter purposes.

It has now been discovered, that water-in-oil emulsions for painting purposes may with advantage be prepared from so called tall resin oil (cokill oil) or its chief components.-

, .Tall oil or tall acid is the common name 1 for the crude product obtained by acidifying so called sulfate soap (liquid resin or isulfate resin), 8. well known by-pro'duct from the sulfate pulp process. When this tall oil or tall acid (the latter expression being more correct since the product chiefly consists of resinous and fatty acids) is distilled in vacuum, four main product are obtained namely: 1

(a) A first run or initial fraction, called tall resin oil" (sometimes also cokill oil, since its chief use hitherto has been for lubricating the inside of ingot molds, so called cokills) and consisting. of about 50% of unsaponifiable oil-like mixed with tall resin oil, although the obtained results have not as a rule exceeded those obtained 'by the use of tallresin oil alone; When using larger proportions oftall resin oil in the emulsion -at least part of the 011 should suitably be'esterified or hardened with lime in a manner known per se. According to the invention the continuous phase of the'emulsions is thus based on tall resin oil or a fraction derived therefrom, to which is added a film-forming vehicle, that is, lacquer forming bodies containing at least 20% by weight of drying oil, such as modified alkyd resins, drying oils (suchas linseed oil, wood oil, esterlfied tall fat acid), or both. In addition to these components other in oil paints commonly used ingredients, such as pigments, thinners etc. are employed-to obtain apaint of the desired character.- A suitableway to prepare the emulsion-paints according to the invention is to form a solution by dissolving one or several modified alkyd resins or dryingoils, or .both 'resins and drying oils of above mentioned kind in tall resin oil, with or without extra addition of organic solvents, suitablyby warming the mixture, after which this is emulsified with water insuch a manner that the water en'ters'as the discontinuous phase. The

emulsion is afterwards treated in a manner known per se in the preparing of oil paints to obtain the desired product. I

As examples of compounding and preparing paints according to the invention, the following may be mentionedwithout in any way limiting the scope of the patent:

Emmple 1 Parts by weight A modified phthalic acid-glycerin resin containing not less than 20% by wt. of

drying o 200-500 An organic solvent. e. g. turpentine 50-250 Tall resin oil 50-250 Parts by weight A modified alkyd resin as in Example 1 100-250 One or several drying oils such as linseed oil, wood oil, esterified tall oil (tall fat acid) with or without addition 01! a smaller or larger percentage of varnish 100-500 Tall resin oil 50-500 An organic thinner (e. g. turpentine,

mineral spirits etc.) 50-300 Water 50-500 are dissolved together and emulsified as in Example 1. From 500 to 3000 parts by wt. of pigment, e. g., lithopone, are added and the paint and emulsion combined in mixers or mills in the usual way.

Example 3 200-500 parts by wt. of'blown oil, e. g. linseed" oil 50-250 parts by wt. each oforganic thinner, tall resin oil, and water are worked up to an emulsion and 500-3000 parts by wt. of pigment, e. g. lithopone, added and milled in the usual way to form a. paint.

It is evident from the above specific examples that the oil paint base of the present invention, in the form oi! an emulsion of the water-in-oil type, may comprise from 200 to 750 parts of a film-forming vehicle containing at least 20 per cent of a dryin oil, 50 to 300 parts of an organic thinner, 50 to 500 parts of tall resin oil and from 50 to 500 parts of water. From 500'to'3000 parts of a pigment may be incorporated if desired.

The broad term paint in the specification includes transparent as well as pigmented products(varnishes, paints, enamels and lacquers) prepared on the basis of emulsions oi the .type described.

I claim:

1. Water-in-oil emulsions suitable for use as varnishes and paints, the continuous phase of which comprises a component selected from a class consisting of tall resin oil and a fraction of tall resin oil consisting substantially of unsaponiflable oil-like matter, a film-forming ve hicle containin at least 20 per cent by weight of drying oil and a suificient quantity of waterinsoluble organic solvents to form a. brushable coating composition, the discontinuous phase consisting principally of water; said tall resin oil being the initial fraction, containing about 50 per cent of unsaponifiable oil-like matter and a balance mainly of fatty acids, obtained by acidifying and distilling in vacuum the sulfate soap of the sulfate pulp process.

2. Water-in-oil emulsions suitable for use as varnishes and paints, the continuous phase of which comprises a component; selected from a class consisting of tall resin oil and a fraction of tall resin oil consisting substantially of unsaponifiable oil-like matter; drying-oil modified alkyd resins containing at least 20 per cent by 4 weight of drying oil, and a suflicient quantity of water-insoluble organic solventstoii'orm-a brushable coating composition, the discontinuous phase consisting principally oi'water; said tall resin oil being the initial fraction, containing about 50 per centof unsaponifiable oil-like matterand a balance mainly of fattycacids, obtained a by acidifyin and distilling in vacuum the sulfate soap of the sulfatepulp process.

3. Water-in-oil emulsions suitable for use as varnishes and paints, the continuous phase of which comprisestall resin oil, a drying .oil and. a sufficient amount of a water-insoluble organic thinnerto form a brushable .consistency, the-discontinuous phase consisting principally; of water; said tall resin oilbeing-the initial fraction, containing about 50 per cent of .unsaponiflable oil-like matter and a balancemainly to! fatty acids, obtained by acidifying and distilling in vacuum the sulfate soap of the sulfate pulp process.

4. An oil paint base in the formoi .a'naemuL- sion of the type water-in-oil comprising by weight'from 200 to 750 parts of a-fllm-formlng vehicle containingatleast20 per-cent of adrying oil, from 50 to 300 parts of alwater-insoluble'organic thinner, from 50 to 500 parts -.of tall resin oil and from about 50 to 500-parts of water; said tall resin oil being the initialIractioncontaining-about 50 per cent of-zunsaponiflable oil-like matter and a balancemainly of'fatty acids, obtained by acidifying-and distilling in vacuum the sulfate soap of the sulfate pulp process.

5. The oil paint base of claim 4 wherein'the film-forming vehicle comprises a drying-.oil modified alkyd-resin.

6. The oil paint base 'of .claimci'wherein from about 500 to 3000 parts by weight .of-a pigment are incorporated.

7.1A process of preparing an emulsion of the type water-in-oil for painting and varnishing purposes, which comprisesheating together a clrying-oil-modified alkyd resin, a [drying oil and tall resin oil to form a-solution, adding-"water to said solution while agitating to form an emulsion and adding thinning and pigmenting components to form a coatingcomposition; said tall resin oil being the initial fraction, containing about 50 per cent of unsaponifiable oil-like matter and a balance mainly of fatty acids,obtained by acidifying and distilling in vacuum the sulfate soap of the sulfate pulp process.

GUSTAF BRISTOLI HEIJMER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of'record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,332,939 Schmitz Oct. 26, 1943 2,326,120 Black Aug. 10, 1943 2,291,616 Fletcher Aug. 4,1942 2,183,227 Scholz Dec. 12, 1939 OTHER REFERENCES Lignin Liquorsand Its Uses in Protective Coatings-Alford, published in Ofiicial Digestv Federated Paint and Varnish Prod. Clubs #213, Feb. 1942, pages 66 to 74. 

